Objective To investigate the relationship between the levels of common allergens and serum allergen-specific IgE in patients with eczema dermatitis and urticaria and the severity of the disease. Methods A total of 240 patients with eczema dermatitis and urticaria skin disease diagnosed in Jianyang People’s Hospital from February 2019 to February 2020 were selected as the research objects. The specific IgE level was detected by Western blotting. The patients with specific IgE level＞0.35 kU/L were taken as positive, the distribution of allergens in patients with eczema dermatitis and urticaria was analyzed, and the correlation between the specific IgE level of patients and the severity of the disease was observed. Results Among the 240 patients, 115 patients with urticaria and 125 patients with eczema dermatitis; there were 95 cases (82.61%) of specific IgE positive in urticaria patients and 101 cases (80.80%) of specific IgE positive in eczema patients. Among the 15 common allergens, dust mites (21.74%) and dust mites (15.20%) had the highest positive rates in patients with eczema and urticaria in inhaled allergens. The highest positive rate was shrimp (10.43%) in urticaria patients and crab (7.20%) in eczema patients. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the severity of eczema dermatitis and urticaria was positively correlated with the level of specific IgE (r=0.561, P＜0.05). Conclusion The incidence of eczema dermatitis and urticaria in Jianyang City and surrounding areas is closely related to allergens. The level of specific IgE in patients with eczema dermatitis and urticaria is positively correlated with the severity of the disease. The detection of specific IgE is helpful for doctors to diagnose the etiology and guide the effective prevention and treatment of patients.