Objective To analyze the role of targeted nursing based on factor assessment in herpes zoster. Methods A total of 80 patients with herpes zoster who were treated in the Department of Dermatology of Suzhou Fifth People's Hospital from January 2020 to January 2022 were selected and divided into control group and observation group according to different nursing methods, with 40 cases in each group. The control group received routine nursing, and the observation group combined with targeted nursing intervention based on factor assessment. The drug attitude, medication compliance, skin status, comfort and sleep status of the two groups were compared. Results After nursing, the scores of DAI-10 and MMAS-8 in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The disease severity score of the observation after nursing group was lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The GCQ score and DBAS-30 score of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Targeted nursing intervention based on factor assessment for patients with herpes zoster can change patients' medication attitude, improve patients' medication compliance and comfort, and improve skin condition and sleep state, which is worthy of clinical application.