Objective To observe the application effect of targeted nursing in local skin redness and swelling caused by intramuscular injection of drugs in dialysis patients. Methods A total of 98 uremic patients who received hemodialysis in the Hefei Fifth People's Hospital from February 2021 to February 2022 were selected as the research objects. They were divided into control group and observation group according to the random number table method, with 49 cases in each group. The control group was given routine nursing, and the observation group was given targeted nursing. The negative emotions, skin redness and swelling, nursing satisfaction and pain degree were compared between the two groups. Results The SAS score and SDS score of the observation group were lower than those of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The incidence of skin redness and swelling in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The nursing satisfaction of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The VAS score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Targeted nursing is effective in the application of local skin redness and swelling caused by intramuscular injection of drugs in dialysis patients, which can effectively improve the negative emotions, reduce the incidence of local redness and swelling, reduce pain, and patients have higher satisfaction with nursing services.