Objective To explore the scientific treatment of severe complications and postoperative infection after outpatient tooth extraction. Methods From June 2017 to April 2022, 50 patients with tooth extraction who had complications in the Department of Stomatology of our hospital were selected as the research objects. The serious complications and postoperative infection of the patients were observed, and the clinical efficacy and treatment satisfaction after treatment were recorded. Results All the 50 patients with tooth extraction successfully completed the treatment. The serious complications included postoperative bleeding, postoperative infection, tooth residual roots mistakenly entering the maxillary sinus, tooth residual roots mistakenly entering the lingual space, and lower alveolar nerve injury. The total effective rate was 96.00%, and the satisfaction rate was 100.00%. Conclusion Severe complications are prone to occur during tooth extraction in the outpatient department of oral surgery. Postoperative bleeding and postoperative infection are the most common, but the implementation of targeted treatment measures can help patients eliminate complications in time.