Objective To study the clinical effect of artificial dermis combined with negative pressure closed drainage and autologous split-thickness skin repair technique in the treatment of scar deformity after extensive burn. Methods A total of 86 patients with scar deformity after extensive burn who were treated in Guigang People's Hospital from January 2019 to January 2022 were selected as the research objects. According to different treatment schemes, they were divided into control group and treatment group, with 43 cases in each group. The control group was treated with conventional regimen; the treatment group was treated with artificial dermis combined with negative pressure closed drainage and autologous split-thickness skin repair technology. The clinical efficacy, skin status of burn site, sleep quality and psychological status scores of inflammatory response related indicators were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The skin pH value of the two groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment, and that in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The water content of stratum corneum in the two groups after treatment was higher than that before treatment, and that in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP in the two groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment, and those in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The PSQI, SAS and SDS scores of the two groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment, and those in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Artificial dermis combined with negative pressure closed drainage and autologous split-thickness skin repair technique can effectively control the inflammatory response, improve the skin condition, keep the patients in good mental state and sleep quality, and shorten the treatment time, which is a safe and effective treatment plan.