Objective To analyze the application effect of high quality nursing intervention in umbilical vein catheterization of premature infants. Methods A total of 60 premature infants who were hospitalized in the disease area from January 2021 to June 2022 were selected as the research objects. They were divided into control group and observation group by random number table method, with 30 cases in each group. The control group was given routine nursing intervention, and the observation group was given high quality nursing intervention on the basis of the control group. The incidence of complications, weight gain and psychological status of children's families were compared between the two groups. Results The incidence of complications in the observation group was 3.33%, which was lower than 10.00% in the control group (P<0.05). The weight gain of the observation group was better than that of the control group (P<0.05). The SAS score and SDS score of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The application of high quality nursing intervention in umbilical vein catheterization of premature infants is effective, which reduces the risk of complications during hospitalization of premature infants. The weight of children increases rapidly, which effectively alleviates the negative emotions of family members of children, and is worthy of clinical application.