Objective To analyze the effect of targeted nursing on the negative emotion and quality of life of patients with severe burns and complications. Methods A total of 104 patients with severe burns and complications admitted to the Staff Hospital of Handan Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd. from June 2020 to September 2022 were selected as the study subjects. They were divided into observation group and control group according to the method of random number table, with 52 cases in each group. The control group received routine nursing intervention, the observation group received targeted nursing intervention, and the negative emotions, quality of life and nursing satisfaction of the two groups were observed. Results The SAS and SDS scores of the two groups after nursing were lower than those before nursing, and those in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The scores of physical function, social relationship, psychological function and general health status of the two groups after nursing were higher than those before nursing, and those in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The nursing satisfaction of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Targeted nursing intervention for patients with severe burns and complications can reduce their depression and anxiety, improve their quality of life, and promote the improvement of nursing satisfaction.