Objective To investigate the effect of light-cured composite resin combined with cosmetic restoration of anterior teeth on dental aesthetics and periodontal indexes. Methods A total of 80 patients who underwent cosmetic restoration of anterior teeth in Jinan Stomatological Hospital from January 2019 to August 2022 were selected as the research objects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into study group and control group, with 40 cases in each group. The control group was treated with nano-composite resin combined with cosmetic restoration of anterior teeth, and the study group was treated with light-cured composite resin combined with cosmetic restoration of anterior teeth. The tooth aesthetics, periodontal indexes [gingival index (GI), plaque index (PLI), gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)] and complications were compared between the two groups. Results The surface smoothness, tooth morphology, color and retention score of the study group were lower than those of the control group, the differences were statistically significant ( P <0.05). The GI, PLI and GCF indexes of the two groups at 3 days after operation were lower than those before operation, and the study group was lower than the control group, the differences were statistically significant ( P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups ( P >0.05). Conclusion Light-cured composite resin combined with cosmetic restoration of anterior teeth can improve the patient's tooth aesthetics, improve periodontal index, and will not increase the probability of adverse reactions. It is safe and worthy of clinical application.