Objective To analyze the effect of minimally invasive corticotomy on treatment time and molar anchorage in adult orthodontic patients with with tooth extraction. Methods A total of 66 adult patients who underwent orthodontic treatment in our hospital from February 2021 to February 2022 were selected as the research objects. They were divided into control group and experimental group by random number table method, with 33 cases in each group. The control group was given conventional orthodontic treatment, and the experimental group was given minimally invasive corticotomy assisted orthodontic treatment. The treatment time, second molar movement speed and periodontal index were compared between the two groups. Results The alignment time, dentition gap closure time and fine adjustment time of the experimental group were shorter than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The second molar movement speed of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group at 1, 2 and 3 months after treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in GI and PLI between the two groups (P>0.05). The SBI and PD of the experimental group were lower than those of the control group at 3 months after treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with orthodontic treatment alone, minimally invasive corticotomy can effectively shorten the treatment time of adult orthodontic extraction patients, accelerate the movement of the second molar to the middle, and reduce the adverse effects on periodontal tissue, showing good safety characteristics.