Objective To investigate the effect of surgical artifical eruption combined with orthodontic treatment on maxillary impacted teeth. Methods From January 2018 to January 2021, 60 patients with maxillary impacted teeth admitted to Shanxian Central Hospital were selected as the research objects. They were divided into control group and observation group by random number table method, 30 cases in each group. The control group was treated with surgical artifical eruption, and the observation group was treated with surgical artifical eruption combined with orthodontic treatment. The clinical efficacy, treatment time, attached gingival and labial bone plate index, pain degree and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 96.67%, which was higher than 80.00% of the control group (P<0.05). The treatment time, gingival breaking time and embedded teeth eruption time in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the thickness of labial bone plate, the thickness of attached gingiva and the width of attached gingiva in the observation group were greater than those in the control group (P<0.05). The VAS scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group at 1 and 3 months after treatment (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 3.33%, which was lower than 23.33% in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Surgical artifical eruption combined with orthodontic treatment has a good effect on maxillary impacted teeth, which can effectively shorten the course of disease, improve the condition of attached gingiva and labial bone plate, and help to reduce the degree of pain. Meanwhile, the incidence of adverse reactions after treatment is low, and the application safety is high. It is worthy of clinical application.