Objective To study the application effect of micro-implant anchorage technology in adolescent extraction-orthodontic treatment. Methods Fifty adolescent orthodontic patients who underwent bilateral maxillary first molar extraction at our department from July 2019 to July 2022 were selected as the study subjects. They were divided into a research group (n=25) and a control group (n=25) according to the anchorage control method. The study group selected micro-implant anchorage as the molar anchorage control method, and the control group selected Nance arch as the molar anchorage control method. The cephalometric data (SNA, FH-MP, U1-SN, U1-NA°, U1-NAmm) before and after treatment and the changes of vertical (6u-PP) and sagittal (6u-PV) before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, SNA, U1-SN, U1-NA° and U1-NAmm in the two groups were lower than those before treatment, and 6u-PV was higher than that before treatment, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, U1-SN, U1-NAmm and 6u-PV in the study group were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in FH-MP and 6u-PP between the two groups (P>0.05 ). Conclusion Both micro-implant anchorage and Nance arch can achieve good anchorage effect in adolescent extraction-orthodontic treatment. While micro-implant anchorage is more effective in absolute anchorage and anterior teeth retraction, and causes less molar displacement than Nance arch.