Objective To explore the effect of plastic and cosmetic surgery technical principles in the treatment of oral and maxillofacial trauma. Methods A total of 62 patients with oral and maxillofacial trauma admitted to the hospital from February 2019 to July 2022 were selected as the research objects. They were divided into experimental group and control group by random number table method, with 31 patients in each group. The experimental group was treated with the principle of plastic and cosmetic surgery, and the control group was treated with the standard treatment of general surgery. The incidence of complications, wound recovery and wound healing satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results The incidence of complications in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The excellent and good rate of wound healing in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The wound healing satisfaction of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The application of plastic and cosmetic surgery technical principles in the treatment of oral and maxillofacial trauma is feasible, and the treatment effect is accurate. Meanwhile, it can reduce the incidence of complications, improve the wound healing effect, and the patient satisfaction is high, which is worthy of clinical application.