Objective To analyze the application effect of case-based teaching in clinical practice teaching of prosthodontics. Methods From January to December 2022, 40 vocational college students who practiced in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University were randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 20 college students in each group. The control group adopted the conventional practice teaching mode, and the observation group adopted the case-based teaching mode. The teaching effect and teaching satisfaction of the two groups were compared. Results The case report score and theoretical score of the observation group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The teaching satisfaction of the observation group was 95.00%, which was higher than 80.00% of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The application of casebased teaching in clinical practice teaching of prosthodontics is effective, which can effectively improve the teaching effect, help to cultivate students' comprehensive thinking and judgment ability, and the teaching satisfaction is high.