Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) refers to the painful psychological disorder in which the appearance of the body has no obvious defects and the body imagines ugly deformity. It is a pathological psychology that distorts cognition. Studies have shown that 5% to 15% of people who are seeking plastic surgery that have BDD. However, blind cosmetic surgery for patients with BDD is likely to cause medical disputes. This article will review the concept, epidemiological characteristics, and clinical characteristics of body dysmorphic disorder, so that clinicians can initially understand the psychological state of patients during diagnosis and treatment, and adopt personalized strategies for different patients to improve postoperative satisfaction and reduce medical disputes.