Objective To investigate the effects of different restorative metal materials on periodontal indexes and inflammatory indexes of gingival crevicular fluid in patients undergoing prosthodontic surgery. Methods A total of 82 patients who underwent prosthodontic surgery were admitted to our hospital from September 2020 to September 2022 and divided into reference group and experimental group according to the random number table method, with 41 patients in each group. The reference group was given nickel-chromium alloy for prosthodontic surgery, and the experimental group was given cobalt-chromium alloy materials for prosthodontic surgery. The periodontal indexes, gingival crevicular fluid inflammatory indexes and the success rate of repair within half a year were compared between the two groups. Results After repair, the gingival index, gingival sulcus bleeding index and plaque index of the experimental group were lower than those of the reference group (P<0.05). After repair, interleukin-6 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 in the experimental group were lower than those in the reference group (P<0.05). The success rate of repair in the experimental group was 97.56% within half a year, which was slightly higher than 90.24% in the reference group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion For patients with prosthodontic surgery, the application of nickel-chromium alloy materials and cobalt-chromium alloy materials can play a certain repair role, but the latter effect is better, which can improve periodontal indicators, reduce periodontal stimulation, reduce gingival crevicular fluid inflammatory reaction, and is conducive to oral health recovery.