Objective To investigate the effect of dental implant repair and routine repair in the treatment of dentition defect. Methods A total of 42 patients with dentition defect admitted to our hospital from January to December 2022 were randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 21 patients in each group. The control group was treated with routine repair, and the observation group was treated with dental implant repair. The clinical efficacy, language function and masticatory efficiency, oral health and repair satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of treatment in the observation group was 100.00%, which was higher than 71.43% in the control group (P<0.05). The scores of language function and masticatory efficiency in the observation group were higher than those in the control group after 2 months of treatment (P<0.05). The oral health score of the observation group was (46.21±2.45) scores, which was higher than (40.22±3.11) scores in the control group after 2 months of treatment (P<0.05). The repair satisfaction of the observation group was 95.24%, which was higher than 66.67% of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The clinical effect of dental implant repair in the treatment of dentition defect is more ideal, which can improve the patient's masticatory efficiency and language function, improve their oral health level, and the patient's satisfaction is high.