Objective To summarize the risk factors of incision infection after orthopedic surgery, and to explore the countermeasures for wound repair of incision infection. Methods A total of 1480 patients who underwent surgical treatment in the department of orthopedics of our hospital from February 2018 to February 2023 were selected as the research objects. The data of postoperative infection were collected by statistical method, and the risk factors of surgical incision infection were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis. Results Among the 1480 patients undergoing orthopedic surgery, 23 had incision infection, with an infection rate of 1.55%. Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the incidence of incision infection among different ages, types of surgical incisions, operation time, basic diseases, perioperative medication, and surgical sites (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that incision type (OR=1.462), age (OR=1.526), operation time (OR=1.812), basic disease (OR=2.340), perioperative medication (OR=1.402) were the influencing factors of incision infection after orthopedic surgery (P<0.05). Conclusion There are many influencing factors for postoperative incision infection in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery, including surgical incision type, age, operation time, basic diseases and perioperative medication. In this regard, we should focus on the above risk factors and give targeted intervention in order to reduce the incidence of incision infection after orthopedic surgery