Objective To explore the application effect of dental implant repair in elderly patients with dentition defects. Methods A total of 78 elderly patients with dentition defect who were treated in the Department of Stomatology of our hospital from February 2021 to October 2022 were selected as the research objects. They were divided into observation group and control group by random number table method, with 39 patients in each group. The observation group was treated with dental implant repair, and the control group was treated with conventional denture repair. The clinical efficacy, aesthetic satisfaction, repair effect, quality of life, red and white aesthetic index and complication rate were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of treatment in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The aesthetic satisfaction of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The scores of repair effect in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The quality of life score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The red and white aesthetic indexes of the observation group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Dental implant repair is effective in the treatment of elderly patients with dentition defect. It has a positive effect on improving the function of dental restoration and improving the comfort and beauty of teeth. Meanwhile, it can help patients restore masticatory efficiency and normal life state, and the incidence of complications is low.