Objective To analyze the application effect of accelerated rehabilitation surgical nursing in breast conserving surgery for breast cancer. Methods A total of 70 patients with breast cancer who underwent breast conserving surgery in our hospital from January to December 2021 were randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 35 patients in each group. The control group and the observation group were given routine nursing and accelerated rehabilitation surgical nursing respectively. The nursing effect, bad mood, quality of life and complications were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of nursing in the observation group was 97.14%, which was higher than 68.57% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After intervention, the SAS and SDS scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The scores of emotional function, psychological state, physical function and social function in the observation group were better than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group was 2.86%, which was lower than 28.57% in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Accelerated rehabilitation surgery nursing is effective in breast conserving surgery for breast cancer, which can relieve patients' bad mood, improve their quality of life and reduce the incidence of complications.