Objective To explore the effect of evidence-based nursing in patients undergoing breast augmentation during perioperative period. Methods A total of 100 patients who underwent breast augmentation in our hospital from January 2022 to March 2023 were selected as the research objects. They were divided into control group and observation group by random number table method, with 50 patients in each group. The control group was given routine nursing intervention, and the observation group was given evidence-based nursing intervention. The incidence of postoperative complications, pain degree and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results The incidence of postoperative complications in the observation group was 8.00%, which was lower than 26.00% in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P