Preschool children are the key stage of children's oral health, and their oral health status will directly affect their future quality of life and social image. As a common clinical oral diseases, dental caries is also a common problem in preschool children, which seriously affects the oral health status and growth and development of the body. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of dental caries in preschool children is of great significance and wide social impact. The purpose of this paper is to explore the prevention and treatment of dental caries in preschool children and its related measures, in order to provide theoretical basis and practical basis for improving the oral health status of preschool children.