Objective To detect the effect of adipose-derived stem cell exosomes (ADSC-Exos) on diabetic wound healing and scar formation, and to explore the molecular mechanism of ADSC-Exos with TGF-β1 signal as the target. Methods Adipose-derived stem cells were isolated and cultured, and exosomes were collected for identification. Exosomes were injected into the wounds of diabetic rats, the effects of exosomes on wound healing and TGF-β1 signaling pathway were evaluated by calculating wound area, histological staining and Western Blot detection. Results The obtained ADSC-Exos conformed to the typical characteristics of exosomes; ADSC-Exos could improve wound healing rate and vascularization, inhibit scar formation, and inhibit TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Conclusion ADSC-Exos promotes wound healing in diabetic rats, inhibits the key fibrosis signal TGF-β1 and reduces scar formation in the later stage of trauma