Objective To explore the effect of immediate dental implantation or conventional dental implantation in patients with tooth loss. Methods A total of 54 patients with tooth loss admitted to our hospital from April 12, 2019 to April 12, 2022 were selected as the research objects. They were divided into reference group and study group by random number table method, with 27 patients in each group. The reference group was given routine dental implantation, and the study group was given immediate dental implantation. The success rate of implantation, red aesthetic index, implant stability coefficient and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results There was no significant difference in the success rate of implantation between the two groups (P >0.05). The PES score and ISQ score of the study group were higher than those of the reference group at 3 and 6 months after treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in study group was 3.70%, which was lower than 33.33% in the reference group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Immediate dental implantation for patients with tooth loss has higher tooth aesthetics and tooth stability coefficient, less adverse reactions, and the same implant success rate, which is worthy of clinical application.