Objective To explore the nursing effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on patients with mechanical ocular trauma plastic repair. Methods A total of 60 patients with mechanical ocular trauma who underwent plastic repair in our hospital from January to December 2022 were selected as the research objects. They were divided into control group and study group by random number table method, with 30 patients in each group. The control group was given routine nursing, and the study group was given cognitive behavioral therapy on the basis of the control group. The treatment compliance, awareness level of health knowledge, self-care ability and quality of life were compared between the two groups. Results The treatment compliance of the study group was 93.33%, which was higher than 70.00% of the control group (P<0.05). The mastery rate of health knowledge cognition level of operation method, medication management, sleep management, psychological adjustment, eye management and review in the study group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The scores of health knowledge level, self-concept, self-responsibility and self-care ability in the study group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). T he scores and total scores of quality of life in the study group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Cognitive behavioral therapy is effective in the nursing of patients with mechanical ocular trauma plastic repair, which can improve the health cognition level and treatment compliance, improve their self-care ability, promote the early recovery of the disease, and improve the quality of life of patients.