Objective To observe the application effect of different composite resin materials in the aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth. Methods A total of 86 patients with aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth admitted to the First People's Hospital of Changzhou from June 2020 to June 2022 were selected and divided into nano group and light curing group according to the random number table method, with 43 patients in each group. The nano group was repaired with plastic nano- composite resin, and the light curing group was repaired with light curing composite resin. The clinical efficacy, perceived pain, gingival index (GI), plaque index (PLI), tooth sensitivity and complication rate were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of treatment in the nano group was 93.02%, which was higher than 76.74% in the light curing group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the VAS score, GI and PLI score in the nano group were lower than those in the light curing group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The incidence of tooth sensitivity and complications after treatment in the nano group (9.30%, 11.63%) was lower than that in the light curing group (25.58%, 32.56%), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Nano composite resin is more effective in the aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth, which can reduce tooth sensitivity and patients' perceived pain, reduce complications, and improve plaque aggregation and gingival damage.