Objective To compare the application of vacuum aspiration skin grafting and compression bandaging skin grafting in burn plastic surgery. Methods A total of 50 patients with burn and plastic surgery admitted to the People's Hospital of Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture from April 2019 to April 2023 were selected as the research objects. They were divided into control group and observation group by random number table method, with 25 patients in each group. The control group was treated with compression bandaging skin grafting, and the observation group was treated with vacuum aspiration skin grafting. The plastic treatment effect, skin tissue recovery, wound infection, plastic satisfaction and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of plastic surgery in the observation group was 92.00%, which was higher than 68.00% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The scores of scar hyperplasia and tissue softness in the observation group were better than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The wound infection rate of the observation group was lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The plastic satisfaction of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Vacuum aspiration skin grafting is effective in the treatment of burn and plastic surgery, which can promote the growth of granulation tissue, reduce the incidence of wound infection, improve the overall treatment effect and patient satisfaction.