To investigate the effect of orthodontic combined with implanted denture treatment on dental function and plaque attachment in patients with anterior malocclusion and dentition defect. Methods A total of 100 patients with anterior malocclusion and dentition defect admitted to Yongzhou Vocational and Technical College Affiliated Hospital from February 2020 to February 2023 were retrospectively selected. According to different treatment methods, they were divided into orthodontics combined with implanted denture treatment group (combined treatment group) and single implanted denture treatment group (single treatment group), with 50 patients in each group. Tooth function, plaque adhesion index, debris index and clinical efficacy were compared between the two groups. Results The scores of tooth occlusion, masticatory function, swallowing function and pronunciation function in the combined treatment group were higher than those in the single treatment group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The plaque adhesion index and debris index in the combined treatment group were lower than those in the single treatment group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The total effective rate of the combined treatment group was 92.00%, which was higher than 72.00% of the single treatment group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion The orthodontic treatment of anterior malocclusion and dentition defect combined with implanted denture is more effective than implant denture alone, which can effectively reduce the plaque attachment and improve the dental function of patients.