To explore the effect of direct bonding technology of composite resin in aesthetic bonding repair of anterior teeth. Methods From April 2022 to May 2023, 80 patients who underwent aesthetic bonding repair of anterior teeth in Peng Chunmiao Dental Clinic were selected as the research objects. They were divided into control group and observation group by random number table method, with 40 patients in each group. The control group was treated with Dyract AP complex repair, and the observation group was treated with composite resin direct bonding technology. The repair effects of different types of anterior teeth defects (anterior teeth crown defects, various caries cavities, macrodontia, interdental space) were compared between the two groups. Results The excellent and good rate of anterior teeth crown defect repair in the observation group was 88.24%, which was higher than 68.57% in the control group (P <0.05). The excellent and good rate of interdental space repair in the observation group was 94.59%, which was higher than 72.22% in the control group (P <0.05). The excellent and good rate of caries repair in the observation group was 91.67%, which was higher than 72.97% in the control group (P <0.05). The excellent and good rate of macrodontia repair in the observation group was 93.33%, which was higher than 60.00% in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion The application of composite resin direct bonding technology in the aesthetic bonding repair of anterior teeth is effective. And the excellent and good rate of repair for different types of anterior teeth defects is high, which is worthy of clinical application.