To analyze the effect of orthodontics combined with prosthodontics in patients with congenital missing teeth. Methods A total of 50 patients with congenital missing teeth admitted to our hospital from August 2021 to August 2022 were selected as the research objects. According to different treatment methods, they were divided into control group and study group, with 25 patients in each group. The control group received orthodontic treatment, and the study group received orthodontics combined with prosthodontics. The clinical efficacy, chewing function, language function, quality of life and facial appearance satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of treatment in the study group was 92.00%, which was higher than 80.00% in the control group (P <0.05). The scores of language function, masticatory function and quality of life in the study group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The facial appearance satisfaction of the study group was 96.00%, which was higher than 68.00% of the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion The clinical effect of orthodontics combined with prosthodontics in the treatment of congenital missing teeth is good, which can promote the recovery of masticatory function and language function of patients, so as to improve their quality of life, and patients have higher satisfaction with the improvement of facial appearance after treatment.