To explore the clinical effect of fixed orthodontics and bracketless orthodontics in the treatment of anterior teeth displacement caused by periodontal disease. Methods A total of 100 patients with anterior teeth displacement caused by periodontal disease admitted to Shenzhen Stomatological Hospital of Southern Medical University from January 2018 to December 2022 were selected as the research objects for retrospective analysis. They were divided into control group and observation group according to different treatment methods, with 50 patients in each group. The control group received fixed orthodontic treatment, and the observation group received bracketless orthodontic treatment. The clinical efficacy, periodontal index, masticatory function and tooth aesthetics were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of clinical treatment in the observation group was 94.00%, which was higher than 80.00% in the control group (P <0.05). After treatment, the plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI) and sulcus bleeding index (SBI) in the two groups were lower than those before treatment, and the levels of PLI, GI and SBI in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P <0.05). After treatment, the scores of bite force, masticatory function and tooth aesthetics in the two groups were higher than those before treatment, and those in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion In the treatment of anterior teeth displacement caused by periodontal disease, the application of bracketless orthodontic treatment can effectively improve the periodontal condition, the bite force, masticatory function and aesthetics of teeth, and the clinical treatment effect is ideal.