To analyze the clinical effect of small incision combined with plastic surgery suture technique in the treatment of thyroid patients. Methods A total of 80 thyroid patients admitted to Leshan People's Hospital from August 2021 to August 2022 were randomly divided into control group and experimental group, with 40 cases in each group. The control group underwent traditional thyroidectomy, and the experimental group underwent small incision combined with plastic surgery suture technique. The clinical efficacy, surgical indicators, quality of life and complication rate were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of clinical treatment in the experimental group was 85.00%, which was higher than 65.00% in the control group (P <0.05). The operation time, postoperative ambulation time, wound recovery time and hospitalization time of the experimental group were shorter than those of the control group, and the intraoperative blood loss was less than that of the control group (P <0.05). The scores of physical function, social function, physiological function and psychological function in the experimental group were better than those in the control group (P <0.05). The incidence of complications in the experimental group was 7.50%, which was lower than 22.50% in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion The effect of small incision combined with plastic surgery suture technique for thyroidectomy is ideal, which can effectively improve the clinical indicators, improve the quality of life of patients, and reduce the occurrence of complications.