To explore the effect of corticosteroid in the treatment of hypertrophic scar and keloid in clinic. Methods A retrospective analysis method was used to select 50 patients with hypertrophic scars and keloids admitted to our hospital from May 2022 to May 2023 as the study subjects. According to different treatment methods, they were divided into control group and observation group, with 25 patients in each group. The control group was treated with conventional keloid resection, the observation group was treated with keloid resection combined with corticosteroids. The clinical efficacy and scar improvement of the two groups were compared. Results The total effective rate of treatment in the observation group was 92.00%, which was higher than 64.00% in the control group (P <0.05). The skin color, scar softness, scar thickness and peripheral vascular distribution scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion In the treatment of patients with hypertrophic scars and keloids, corticosteroid drugs can improve the clinical efficacy, improve the scar condition, and have good safety.