The ideal soft tissue filling material should meet the requirements of good histocompatibility, no rejection, lasting effect, non-toxicity and safety. Autologous skin fibroblasts can survive for a long time after transplantation, and can secrete collagen, which has a certain effect on wrinkle removal, anti-aging, wound repair and skin rejuvenation in medical cosmetology. In this paper, fibroblasts are summarized, and the application advantages of autologous skin fibroblasts in medical cosmetology are reviewed in order to promote the development of medical cosmetology research in the field of cells in China.