To explore the application effect of microscrew implant anchorage in orthodontics. Methods A total of 88 patients who received orthodontic treatment in our hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were selected as the research objects. They were divided into control group and experimental group by random number table method. The control group received traditional maximum anchorage orthodontic treatment, and the experimental group received microscrew implant anchorage treatment. The clinical efficacy, treatment indicators and adverse reactions of the two groups were compared. Results The total effective rate of treatment in the experimental group was 95.45%, which was higher than 81.82% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The variable of the inclination angle of the upper central incisor and the distance from the convex point of the upper lip to the aesthetic plane in the experimental group were larger than those in the control group, and the forward distance of the first molar was shorter than that in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the experimental group was 2.27%, which was lower than 15.91% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion The application of microscrew implant anchorage in orthodontic treatment can improve the effect of orthodontic treatment, effectively improve the oral function of patients and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, which is worthy of clinical application.