To investigate the aesthetic effect of orthodontic combined with oral implantation in the treatment of dentition defect. Methods A total of 90 patients with dentition defect admitted to our hospital from July 2022 to June 2023 were randomly divided into control group and study group, with 45 patients in each group. The control group was treated with oral implantation, and the study group was treated with orthodontics combined with oral implantation. The clinical efficacy, dental cosmetic effect, oral function and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of treatment in the study group was 93.33%, which was higher than 75.56% in the control group (P <0.05). The proportion of neatly arranged teeth, comfortable occlusion, good anterior teeth coverage and deep overbite, and facial coordination in the study group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). After treatment, the scores of masticatory function, developmental function and aesthetic function in the study group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the study group was 2.22 %, which was lower than 13.33 % in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion The effect of orthodontic combined with oral implantation therapy for patients with dentition defect is ideal, which can improve the oral aesthetic effect, improve the tooth function, and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions.