To analyze the effect ofzirconia all-ceramic restoration on the repair effect of tooth defects. Methods A total of 60 patients with tooth defects admitted to the Department of Stomatology, Nanzheng District People's Hospital of Hanzhong City from August 2021 to August 2023 were selected as the research objects. They were divided into control group and observation group by random number table method, with 30 patients in each group. The control group was given conventional metal ceramic restoration, and the observation group was given zirconia all-ceramic restoration. The repair effect, periodontal inflammatory factor level and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, the masticatory efficiency and bite force of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, and the periodontal probing depth was lower than that of the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). After treatment, the levels of MCP-1, IL-β and sICAM-1 in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 6.67%, which was lower than 26.67% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion The application of zirconia all-ceramic restoration to repair tooth defects can effectively improve the therapeutic effect, promote the improvement of masticatory function and bite force, optimize the level of inflammatory factors, and obtain good repair effect.