To analyze the recovery of patients undergoing cosmetic plastic suture due to facial trauma under the guidance of rapid rehabilitation nursing. Methods A total of 88 patients with facial trauma who underwent cosmetic plastic suture in Huaihe Hospital of Henan University from January 2020 to January 2023 were selected as the research objects. They were divided into control group and observation group by random number table method, with 44 patients in each group. The control group was given routine nursing, and the observation group was given rapid rehabilitation nursing. The physiological stress indexes, nursing satisfaction, scar formation and pain degree were compared between the two groups. Results The levels of Glu, HR, SBP and DBP in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P <0.05). The scores of color, vascular distribution, thickness and softness in the two groups after operation were lower than those before operation, and those in the observation group were lower than the control group (P <0.05). The VAS scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group at 1, 3 and 5 days after operation (P <0.05). The total nursing satisfaction of the observation group was 93.18%, which was higher than 75.00% of the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion The rapid rehabilitation nursing mode during the treatment of cosmetic plastic suture in patients with facial trauma can not only promote the recovery of facial injury, but also improve their physiological stress state, which is conducive to relieving pain and improving patients' satisfaction with nursing services.