To analyze the effect of targeted systematic nursing in patients with ptosis surgery. Methods A total of 60 patients with ptosis admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2021 to January 2023 were selected as the research objects. They were divided into reference group and intervention group by random number table method, with 30 patients in each group. The reference group was given routine nursing, and the intervention group was given targeted systematic nursing. The incidence of complications, appearance satisfaction and quality of life were compared between the two groups. Results The incidence of complications in the intervention group was 6.67%, which was lower than 26.67% in the reference group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The appearance satisfaction of the intervention group was 93.33%, which was higher than 70.00% of the reference group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). After treatment, the scores of quality of life in the intervention group were lower than those in the reference group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion The application of targeted systematic nursing in patients with ptosis surgery is effective, which can effectively prevent postoperative complications, improve patients' satisfaction with postoperative eye appearance, and help to improve their quality of life. It is worthy of clinical application.