To analyze the application effect of language communication in plastic and aesthetic surgery. Methods A total of 50 patients with plastic and aesthetic surgery admitted to Chongqing Yubei District People's Hospital from March to December 2023 were selected as the research objects. They were divided into control group and observation group by random number table method, with 25 patients in each group. The control group was given routine nursing, and the observation group was given language communication on the basis of the control group. The satisfaction, emotional state, nursing adverse events and compliance were compared between the two groups. Results The satisfaction scores of communication, service attitude and nursing comfort in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). The scores of obsessive-compulsive, somatization, depression, interpersonal relationship and anxiety in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). The incidence of nursing adverse events in the observation group was 0, which was lower than 16.00% in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). The compliance of the observation group was 100.00%, which was higher than 84.00% of the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion The application of language communication in the nursing of patients undergoing plastic and aesthetic surgery is effective, which can effectively reduce the emotional burden of patients, improve their nursing satisfaction, reduce the incidence of adverse events, and improve the quality of nursing services.