Objective To explore the effect of micro-screw implant anchorage in the treatment of malocclusion. Methods A total of 70 patients with malocclusion who were treated in our hospital from December 2021 to October 2023 were randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 35 patie nts in each group. The control group was treated with extraoral arch anchorage orthodontic treatment, and the observation group was treated with micro-screw implant anchorage orthodontic treatment. The masticatory function, dentition index and complication rate were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, the bite force and masticatory efficiency of the two groups were higher than those before treatment, and those of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, the difference were statistically significant (P <0.05). After treatment, the angle of upper and lower central incisors and the width of upper and lower incisors in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group was 5.71%, which was lower than 25.71% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Micro-screw implant anchorage orthodontic treatment can effectively improve the masticatory function and dentition index of patients with malocclusion, and reduce the incidence of complications, which is worthy of clinical application.