Objective To evaluate the effect of negative pressure wound therapy in the treatment of moderate burn wounds. Methods A total of 98 patients with moderate burn wounds admitted to Tancheng County Public Health Center from January 2022 to December 2023 were selected as the research objects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into control group and observation group, with 49 patients in each group. The control group was treated with routine treatment, and the observation group was treated with negative pressure wound therapy on the basis of the control group. The clinical efficacy, clinical related indicators, scar improvement and complications were compared between the two groups. Results The time of wound healing and the time of hospitalization in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). The total effective rate of treatment in the observation group was 97.96%, which was higher than 79.59% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). After treatment, the scores of scar softness, vascular distribution, thickness and color in the two groups were lower than those before treatment, and those in the observation group were lower than the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group was 4.08%, which was lower than 20.41% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion For patients with moderate burn wounds， negative pressure wound therapy can improve the curative effect, promote wound healing, and has high safety, which is worthy of clinical application.