Objective To investigate the effect of transalveolar maxillary sinus floor elevation in implant restoration of maxillary posterior teeth. Methods A total of 100 patients with implant restoration of maxillary posterior teeth admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 were selected as the research objects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into control group and observation group, with 50 patients in each group. The control group was treated withlateral window sinus floor elevation combined with simultaneous implantation, and the observation group was treated with transalveolar maxillary sinus floor elevation combined with simultaneous implantation. The surgical indicators, short-term and long-term efficacy and pain degree were compared between the two groups. Results There was no significant difference in the height of maxillary sinus elevation, implant diameter and implant length between the two groups (P >0.05). The operation time of the observation group was shorter than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). There was no difference in the peripheral bone resorption data between the two groups 12 months and 24 months after surgery (P >0.05). The implant stability coefficient, residual alveolar bone height and average bone height of the observation group were higher than those of the control group at 12 and 24 months after operation, and the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). The VAS score of the observation group at 12 and 24 h after operation was lower than that of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Transalveolar maxillary sinus floor elevation can reduce operation time and postoperative pain, and improve implant stability coefficient, residual alveolar bone height and mean acquired bone height.