Objective To analyze the effect of all-ceramic veneer on the repair effect and aesthetics of patients with upper anterior tooth defect. Methods A total of 90 patients with upper anterior tooth defect admitted to Rongcheng County People's Hospital from April 2021 to April 2023 were selected as the research objects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into control group and observation group, with 45 patients in each group. The control group was treated with resin filling, and the observation group was treated with all-ceramic veneer repair after resin filling. The repair effect, aesthetics, periodontal index, complication rate and satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results The excellent and good rate of repair, the proportion of each item of aesthetics and the scores of each item of satisfaction in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, the depth of periodontal exploration, plaque index, gingival bleeding index, gingival index and complication rate were lower than those in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion For patients with upper anterior tooth defect, all-ceramic veneer can improve the repai r effect, improve periodontal health, meet patients' requirement s for tooth aesthetics, and then improve their satisfaction.