Objective To explore the effect of CBL combined with TBL teaching mode in skin laser cosmetology teaching. Methods A total of 40 students who were trained and studied in the skin laser cosmetology center of our hospital from January to December 2023 were randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 20 students in each group. The control group adopted the traditional teaching method, and the observation group adopted the CBL combined with TBL teaching mode. The assessment results, teaching effects and self-assessment results of the two groups were compared. Results The theoretical and operational scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group (P <0.05). The scores of learning interest, teamwork and communication ability, skill operation ability, knowledge understanding, clinical thinking ability and teaching satisfaction in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The scores of practical ability improvement, teamwork, judgment and analysis of medical records, and doctor-patient communication in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion The application effect of CBL combined with TBL teaching mode in skin laser cosmetology teaching is definite, and its teaching effect is better than that of traditional teaching mode, which is conducive to mobilizing students' enthusiasm, improving teachers' teaching level, and cultivating students' ability to think independently and solve problems in teamwork, so as to standardize their clinical operation.