Objective To explore the effect of incision nursing mode based on aesthetic principles on incision healing and scar aesthetics of parturients. Methods A total of 106 primiparas who underwent cesarean section in Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University/Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital from September 2022 to June 2023 were randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 53 primiparas in each group. The control group was given routine postoperative nursing, while the observation group was given incision nursing mode based on aesthetic principles. The degree of scar (Sawada clinical score), aesthetic satisfaction score of surgical scar, scar characteristics, aesthetic nursing self-efficacy and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results The total score of Sawada clinical score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, and the scores of five dimensions of scar color, scar height, scar hardness, itching degree and tenderness sensation were lower than those in the control group (P <0.05). The total score of scar aesthetic satisfaction score in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and the scores of scar area, height, softness, vascular distribution, pigmentation, itching and tenderness in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The width and thickness of scar in the observation group were smaller than those in the control group (P <0.05), but there was nosignificant difference in the length of scar between the two groups (P >0.05). The total score of aesthetic nursing self-efficacy in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and the scores of five dimensions of incision healing knowledge, selfcare skills, symptom recognition, obtain knowledge and psychological coping were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The nursing satisfaction of the observation group was 94.34%, which was higher than 81.13% of the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion The incision nursing model based on aesthetic principles can improve the incision aesthetics of cesarean section women, promote incision healing, improve nursing satisfaction, and improve the self-incision nursing efficacy of primiparas, which is worthy of clinical application.