Objective To investigate the clinical effect of combined resection of tarsal plate and levator palpebrae superiori in the treatment of severe ptosis. Methods A total of 70 patients with severe ptosis admitted to our hospital from December 2020 to December 2023 were selected as the research objects. According to different surgical schemes, they were divided into control group and study group, with 35 patients in each group. The control group was treated with frontal muscle suspension, and the study group was treated with combined resection of tarsal plate and levator palpebrae superioris. The correction effect, quality of life, satisfaction and complications were compared between the two groups. Results The good correction rate of the study group was 91.43%, which was higher than 71.43% of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The scores of material life, physical function, social function and psychological function in the two groups after intervention were higher than those before intervention, and those in the study group were higher than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). The satisfaction rate of the study group was 94.29%, which was higher than 74.29% of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The incidence of complications in the study group was 5.71%, which was lower than 22.86% in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion The combined resection of tarsal plate and levator palpebrae superioris can effectively improve the correction effect for patients with severe ptosis, improve their quality of life, reduce the incidence of complications, and have high patient satisfaction, which is worthy of clinical application.