Objective To analyze the effect of all-ceramic patch on the repair effect and tooth aesthetics of patients with anterior teeth defect treated with resin filling. Methods A total of 50 patients with anterior teeth defect admitted to the Baoding Sixth Hospital from March to August 2023 were randomly divided into control group (n =25) and observation group (n =25). The control group was filled with resin, and the observation group was added with all-ceramic veneer technology after resin filling. The aesthetic effect, repair effect, bone index and inflammatory index [matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] were compared between the two groups. Results After 6 months of treatment, the scores of appearance, color matching and surface texture in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05); the total effective rate of repair in the observation group was 72.00%, which was higher than 40.00% in the control group (P <0.05); the new bone contour and bone mineral density of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, and the vertical absorption of alveolar bone was lower than that of the control group (P <0.05); the levels of MMP-2, IL-1β and TNF-α in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion All-ceramic veneer has a good application effect in patients with anterior teeth defect resin filling, which can clearly improve the aesthetics and repair effect, improve the bone index, and reduce the inflammatory exudation.