Objective To compare the aesthetic effects of zirconia all-ceramic crown and pure titanium porcelain crown in patients with dentition defect and their effects on language ability. Methods From December 2021 to December 2023, 80 patients with dentition defect admitted to the Department of Stomatology, Qingtuo Health Center of Yinan County were selected and divided into pure titanium porcelain crown group and zirconia all-ceramic crown group by random number table method, with 40 patients in each group. The pure titanium porcelain crown group received pure titanium porcelain crown repair, and the zirconia all-ceramic crown group received zirconia all-ceramic crown repair. The repair effect, comfort, language ability, masticatory intensity and aesthetics of the two groups were compared. Results The excellent and good rate of zirconia all-ceramic crown group was 90.00%, which was higher than 75.00% of pure titanium porcelain crown group (P <0.05). The comfort, language ability, chewing strength and aesthetic scores of zirconia all-ceramic crown group were better than those of pure titanium porcelain crown group (P <0.05). Conclusion Zirconia all-ceramic crown can improve the repair effect, enhance the masticatory function of patients with dentition defect, improve comfort, language ability, masticatory intensity and aesthetics, and has a good prevention and treatment effect on periodontal diseases.