Objective To explore the effect of micro-implant anchorage on masticatory function and aesthetic function in orthodontic patients. Methods A total of 90 patients who underwent orthodontic correction in Cheng Xinyan Stomatological Clinic from September 2021 to January 2023 were selected and divided into routine group (n =45) and anchorage group (n =45) according to the random lottery method. The conventional group was corrected by extraoral arch anchorage, and the anchorage group was corrected by micro-implant anchorage. The orthodontic effect, masticatory function, aesthetic function and complication rate were compared between the two groups. Results The difference of upper central incisor inclination angle, canine width and upper central incisor convex distance between the two groups after correction was better than that before correction, and the anchorage group was better than the conventional group (P <0.05). The bite force and masticatory efficiency of the two groups after correction were better than those before correction, and the anchorage group was better than the conventional group (P <0.05). The scores of each dimension of the aesthetic scale in the anchorage group were higher than those in the conventional group (P <0.05). The incidence of complications in the anchorage group (8.89%) was lower than that in the conventional group (24.44%) (P <0.05). Conclusion The application effect of micro-implant anchorage in orthodontic correction patients is better, which can better improve the masticatory function and aesthetic degree of patients, and has higher safety.