Objective To investigate the effect of natural calcined bovine bone (CBB) combined with concentrated growth factor (CGF) on the repair of periodontal bone defects. Methods A total of 60 patients with periodontal bone defects admitted to our hospital from April 2022 to April 2023 were randomly divided into control group and study group, with 30 patients in each group. The control group was treated with CBB, and the study group was treated with CBB combined with CGF. The gingival healing, periodontal index and vertical bone defect height (VDD) were compared between the two groups. Results The good rate of gingival healing in the study group was 76.67%, which was higher than 46.67% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The BI, PD and CAL of the two groups at 6 months after operation were lower than those before operation, and the study group was lower than the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). The VDD of the two groups at 6 months after operation was lower than that before operation, and that of the study group was lower than that of the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion CBB combined with CGF in the repair of periodontal bone defects shows a more ideal effect in improving periodontal health and repairing soft and hard tissues, which is better than CBB alone. Meanwhile, it can effectively repair periodontal bone defects, promote gingival healing, and improve periodontal indicators. The clinical application value is accurate.